THE GEOSPATIAL PLACEMENT OF THE OBJECTS OF THE WORLD HERITAGE OF THE UNESCO AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM IN THE WORLD

Abstract

The growth of the processes of the globalization, the influence of the humanity on the external environment is promoted to the growth of the concern of the society for the condition of the cultural and the natural heritage (CNH). Therefore, at the XVII session in Paris (France) in 1972, UNESCO was adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which was entered into force in 1975.

The CNH, which is needed the protection and the conservation, is included in the World Heritage List and it is protected by UNESCO. The main aim of the World Heritage List is to protect and to make the well-known objects which are the unique in their nature. With the aim of the desire for the objectivity by this organization, the evaluation criteria were made as to the selection and the introduction of the territories and the objects to the World Heritage List of the UNESCO.

The CNH represents the objects of history, culture, archeology, architecture, monumental art, science and technology, as well as the natural territories, the objects and which are the national heritages which cannot be restored, and their loss or the destruction will have negative consequences in general for the development of the spirituality, the science and the society.

The cultural and the natural objects are the inalienable part of the heritage, which is required the unified approaches to the forms of their identification, the preservation, the protection, the popularization and the use in the tourism sphere as the tourist objects for the visiting.

As for the condition of 2015, in the World Heritage List of the UNESCO which was defined by the geographical regions which are counted 1031 objects (including 802 cultural, 197 natural and 32 mixed types) from 163 countries which are not evenly placed for the geographical regions and the tourist macro-regional of the placing.

The development of the tourism and the preservation of the World Heritage are two interrelated directions of the activity of the states of the world and of all society as a whole. One of the main conditions of the success of this activity is the implication on the sphere of the tourism of all the diversity of the heritage, the wider coverage of the tourist regions, the orientation not only of the foreign tourists but also of the local ones, the preservation of the access of the general public to the heritage, which is conduced the development of the tourism, first of all, the ecological and cultural tourism (their subspecies).

The tourism can become as the key direction for the development of the tourist regions which have the unique cultural and the natural potential; at the same time, in the territory of each region, its own strategy must be created, which is taken into account the specifics of the local objects of the CNH and it is complemented the strategy of the development of the culture of other regions of the world.