SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION OF SPACE: MAIN FEATURES, CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSEQUENCES FOR URBAN AREAS
Keywords:
production of space, socialism, socialist urbanism, cities of Ukraine, planning
Abstract
The production of space and the politics underlying it are a reflection not only of the institutionalenvironment, types of regulation or specific instruments of planning and construction, participation andinteraction – the ways in which space is produced, they also reflect at which spatial levels this process takesplace, which goals and values, concepts and approaches lie in its basis, and what place is designated for aman in the respective type of space. The experience of Ukrainian cities in recent decades reflects differenttypes of the production of space – socialist, transitional postsocialist, and neoliberal – which differ interms of key actors, ways of making decisions on urban planning and construction, and concepts of spatialorganization. These types of space reflect different relations between social, ideological and spatial, thatdiffer in terms of perception and understanding of space, structures underlying it and reflections on it.In this paper, we consider the socialist type of the production of space, its main features andcharacteristics in the context of urban and spatial development through the lens of the relevant period’sdiscourse, its critical evaluation and analysis of consequences. At the same time, we consider the socialistproduction of space as a process of “construction of space”, which reflects attempts to purposefully plan, build, organize and structure both social life and space according to the ideological principles ofsocialism. We substantiate the typical features of the socialist construction of space and illustrate the waysof their implementation in practice of urban development, for “construction and socialist reconstruction”of cities. We critically analyze the construction of space under socialism for establishing the spatial urbanframework, urban planning and development, the formation of the spatial and planning structures andspecific urban morphology.
References
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1955–1991. Berlin : DOM publishers, 447 [Meuser, Ph., and Zadorin, D. (2018). Towards a typology of Soviet mass housing. Prefabrication in the USSR 1955–1991. Berlin : DOM publishers, 447. ISBN 978-3-86922-520-3. (in Russian)]
26. Murawski, M. (2018). Actually-existing success: Economics, aesthetics, and the specificity of (still) socialist urbanism. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 60(4), 907–937. DOI: 10.1017/S0010417518000336.
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34. Soja, E.W. (1980). The socio-spatial dialectic. Annals of the Association of American geographers, 70(2), 207–225.
35. Stenning, A., & Hörschelmann, K. (2008). History, geography and difference in the post‐socialist world: or, do we still need post‐socialism? Antipode, 40(2), 312–335.
36. Sýkora, L. (2015). Cities under postsocialism. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Vol. 3, pp. 605–611. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.74030-X.
37. Sýkora, L., & Bouzarovski, S. (2012). Multiple transformations: Conceptualising the post-communist urban transition. Urban studies, 49(1), 43–60. DOI: 10.1177/0042098010397402.
38. Градостроительство – на уровень современных требований. (1968). Строительство и архитектура, 5, 1–22 [Town planning – to the level of current requirements. (1968). Construction and Architecture, 5, 1–22].
39. Трапезников, К. (1960). Важная задача градостроительной науки. Архитектура СССР, 12, 1–4 [Trapeznikov, K. (1960). The important task of town planning sciеnce. Architecture in the USSR, 12, 1–4. (in Russian)].
40. Яргина, З.Н. (1984). Градостроительный анализ. Москва : Стройиздат, 244 c. [Yargina, Z.N. (1984). Urban planning analysis. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 244 p. (in Russian)].
41. Елизаров, В. (1957). Жилищно-гражданское строительство в городах Украины. Строительство и архитектура, 10, 3–9 [Yelizarov, V. (1957). Housing construction in Ukrainian cities. Construction and Architecture, 10, 3–9. (In Russian)].
42. Дослідження щодо соцурбанізму, його рис та наслідків для міських територій України, що виконане в рамках Non-Residential Fellowships of the IWM, HURI, and the Harriman Institute, проєкт “Temporal Borders”: Intimate, Geopolitical and Reintegration contexts”.
2. Bradshaw, M., and Stenning, A. (2004). Introduction: transformation and development. In East Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Routledge.
3. Brenner, N., and Elden, S. (2009). Henri Lefebvre on state, space, territory. International Political Sociology, 3(4), 353–377.
4. Денисенко, О. (2022). Транзитність і трансформації міського простору у пострадянській перспективі: підходи та концептуалізація. Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya 87, 6–13 [Denysenko, O. (2022). Transition and urban transformations in post-Soviet perspective: approaches and conceptualization. Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, 87, 6–13. DOI: 10.17721/2413-7154/2022.87.6-13 (in Ukrainian)].
5. Денисенко, О. (2023). Політика простору, соціалістичний урбанізм і трансформації: аналіз перетворень адміністративного центру Кривого Рогу. Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, 89, 6–20 [Denysenko, O. (2023). The politics of space, socialist urbanism and transformations: analysis of Kryvyi Rih administrative center changes. Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, 89, 6–20. DOI: 10.17721/2413-7154/2023.89.6-20 (in Ukrainian)].
6. Diamond, L., Fukuyama, F., Horowitz, D.L., & Plattner, M.F. (2014). Reconsidering the transition paradigm. Journal of Democracy, 25(1), 86–100. DOI: 10.1353/jod.2014.0018.
7. Diener, A.C., & Hagen, J. (2013). From socialist to post-socialist cities: narrating the nation through urban space. Nationalities papers, 41(4), 487–514. DOI: 10.1080/00905992.2013.768217.
8. Dikeç, M. (2005). Space, politics, and the political. Environment and planning D: Society and Space, 23(2), 171–188. DOI: 10.1068/d364t.
9. Dikeç, M. (2012). Space as a mode of political thinking. Geoforum, 43(4), 669–676. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.01.008.
10. Боевая программа строителей Украины (1957). Строительство и архитектура, 10, 1–2 [Fighting Program for builders in Ukraine (1957). Construction and Architecture, 10, 1–2. (in Russian)].
11. Golubchikov, O. (2016). The urbanization of transition: ideology and the urban experience. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 57(4–5), 607–623. DOI: 10.1080/15387216.2016.1248461.
12. Инструкция о составе, порядке разработки, согласования и утверждения схем и проектов районной планировки, планировки и застройки городов, поселков и сельских населенных пунктов: Утверждена приказом Государственного комитета по гражданскому строительству и архитектуре при Госстрое СССР от 29 декабря 1982 г. [Guidance on composition, procedure for elaboration, coordination and approval of the regional planning schemes and projects, planning and construction of towns, urbantype and rural settlements. Approved by USSR State Committee for civilian construction and architecture on December 29, 1982. (in Russian)].
13. Инструкция по составлению проектов планировки и застройки городов СН 345-66: Утверждена Государственным комитетом Совета Министров СССР по делам строительства 23.03.1966 г. [Guidance on elaboration the projects of city planning and construction СН 345-66. Approved by USSR State Committee for Construction on March 23, 1966. (in Russian)].
14. Указания о порядке утверждения генеральных планов городов и поселков городского типа СССР. Утверждены приказом Государственного комитета по гражданскому строительству и архитектуре при Госстрое СССР 28 июля 1964 г. [Guidance on procedure for elaboration general plans for towns and urban-type settlements. Approved by USSR State Committee for civilian construction and architecture on July 28, 1964. ([n Russian)].
15. Harvey, D. (1990). Between space and time: reflections on the geographical imagination. Annals of the association of American geographers, 80(3), 418–434.
16. Hirt, S. (2013). Whatever happened to the (post) socialist city? Cities, 32, S. 29–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2013.04.010.
17. Hirt, S., Ferenčuhová, S., & Tuvikene, T. (2016). Conceptual forum: The “post-socialist” city. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 57(4–5), 497–520. DOI: 10.1080/15387216.2016.1271345.
18. Головко, Г. (1960). Развитие градостроительства и архитектуры Cоветской Украины. Архитектура СССР, 11, 26–35 [Holovko, H. (1960). The development of town planning and architecture in Soviet Ukraine. Architecture in the USSR, 11, 26–35. (in Russian)].
19. Jessop, B., Brenner, N., & Jones, M. (2008). Theorizing sociospatial relations. Environment and planning D: society and space, 26(3), 389–401. DOI: 10.1068/d9107.
20. Kinossian, N. (2022). Rethinking the postsocialist city. Urban Geography, 1–12.
21. Kollmorgen, R. (2013). Theories of postcommunist transformation. Approaches, debates, and problems of theory building in the second decade of research. Studies of Transition States and Societies, (2), 88–105.
22. Kuzio, T. (2001). Transition in post-communist states: Triple or quadruple? Politics, 21(3), 168–177.
23. Lefebvre, H. (1991 [1974]). The Production of Space / trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford : Blackwell.
24. Massey, D. (1992). Politics and Space/Time. New Left Review, Vol. 196(1), 65–84.
25. Мойзер, Ф., Задорин Д. (2018). К типологии советского типового домостроения. Индустриальное жилищное строительство в СССР,
1955–1991. Berlin : DOM publishers, 447 [Meuser, Ph., and Zadorin, D. (2018). Towards a typology of Soviet mass housing. Prefabrication in the USSR 1955–1991. Berlin : DOM publishers, 447. ISBN 978-3-86922-520-3. (in Russian)]
26. Murawski, M. (2018). Actually-existing success: Economics, aesthetics, and the specificity of (still) socialist urbanism. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 60(4), 907–937. DOI: 10.1017/S0010417518000336.
27. Порядок комплексной разработки и утверждения генеральных планов городов и других населенных пунктов. Утвержден приказом Государственного комитета по гражданскому строительству и архитектуре при Госстрое СССР 21 августа 1985 г. [Procedure for general plans complex elaboration and approval for towns and other settlements. Approved by USSR State Committee for civilian construction and architecture on August 21, 1985. (in Russian)].
28. Постановлениe ЦК КПСС, Совета Министров СССР «О развитии жилищного строительства в СССР» от 31 июля 1957 г. N 931 [Resolution On housing construction in the USSR. Adopted by the Central Committee and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on July 31 1957 No. 931. (in Russian)].
29. Roy, A. (2011). Urbanisms, worlding practices and the theory of planning. Planning Theory, 10(1), 6–15. DOI: 10.1177/1473095210386065.
30. Сабсович, Л.М. (1930). Новые пути в строительстве городов. Строительство Москвы, 7, 3–5 [Sabsovich, L.M. (1930). New ways in the development of cities. Construction of Moscow, 7, 3–5. (in Russian)].
31. Salukvadze, J., & Van Assche, K. (2022). Multiple transformations, coordination and public goods. Tbilisi and the search for planning as collective strategy. European Planning Studies, 1–19. DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2022.2065878.
32. Сигов, И.И. (ред.) (1982). Планирование комплексного развития крупных городов. Опыт и пути совершенствования. Ленинград : Наука, 239 c. [Sigov, I.I. (eds). (1982). Planning the complex development of big cities. Practice and ways to improve. Leningrad, Nauka, 239 p. (in Russian)].
33. Скворцов, Н.М., Ефремов, Н.Д. (1934). Организация планировки социалистических городов. Планировка и социалистическая реконструкция городов, 1, 19–53 [Skvortsov, N.M., and Efremov, N.D. (1934). Organization of socialist cities planning. Planning and socialist reconstruction of cities, 1, 19–53. (in Russian)].
34. Soja, E.W. (1980). The socio-spatial dialectic. Annals of the Association of American geographers, 70(2), 207–225.
35. Stenning, A., & Hörschelmann, K. (2008). History, geography and difference in the post‐socialist world: or, do we still need post‐socialism? Antipode, 40(2), 312–335.
36. Sýkora, L. (2015). Cities under postsocialism. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Vol. 3, pp. 605–611. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.74030-X.
37. Sýkora, L., & Bouzarovski, S. (2012). Multiple transformations: Conceptualising the post-communist urban transition. Urban studies, 49(1), 43–60. DOI: 10.1177/0042098010397402.
38. Градостроительство – на уровень современных требований. (1968). Строительство и архитектура, 5, 1–22 [Town planning – to the level of current requirements. (1968). Construction and Architecture, 5, 1–22].
39. Трапезников, К. (1960). Важная задача градостроительной науки. Архитектура СССР, 12, 1–4 [Trapeznikov, K. (1960). The important task of town planning sciеnce. Architecture in the USSR, 12, 1–4. (in Russian)].
40. Яргина, З.Н. (1984). Градостроительный анализ. Москва : Стройиздат, 244 c. [Yargina, Z.N. (1984). Urban planning analysis. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 244 p. (in Russian)].
41. Елизаров, В. (1957). Жилищно-гражданское строительство в городах Украины. Строительство и архитектура, 10, 3–9 [Yelizarov, V. (1957). Housing construction in Ukrainian cities. Construction and Architecture, 10, 3–9. (In Russian)].
42. Дослідження щодо соцурбанізму, його рис та наслідків для міських територій України, що виконане в рамках Non-Residential Fellowships of the IWM, HURI, and the Harriman Institute, проєкт “Temporal Borders”: Intimate, Geopolitical and Reintegration contexts”.
Published
2023-08-16
Pages
10-21
Section
SECTION 1 SOCIO-GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCHES
